/* ROYA ARABIYA / THE INK EDITION
   Editorial layout, mobile-first, no framework, no remote CSS required.
   To use self-hosted font files when licensed assets are supplied:
   @font-face { font-family: 'Almarai'; src: url('/assets/fonts/Almarai-Regular.woff2') format('woff2'); font-display: swap; }
   @font-face { font-family: 'Noto Serif Arabic'; src: url('/assets/fonts/NotoSerifArabic-Bold.woff2') format('woff2'); font-weight: 700; font-display: swap; }
   @font-face { font-family: 'DM Sans'; src: url('/assets/fonts/DMSans-Regular.woff2') format('woff2'); font-display: swap; }
*/
:root {color-scheme:light;--ink:#111827;--muted:#596170;--berry:#BE185D;--berry-dark:#8D1246;--teal:#0F766E;--teal-dark:#07534F;--paper:#FAFAF8;--white:#FFFFFF;--blush:#FCE7F0;--ice:#DDF5F1;--rule:#E5E7EB;--red:#B42332;--max:1320px;--font-ui:'Almarai','Tahoma','Arial',sans-serif;--font-title:'Noto Serif Arabic','Amiri','Noto Naskh Arabic','Times New Roman',serif;--font-en:'DM Sans','Arial',sans-serif;--radius:3px}
*,*::before,*::after {box-sizing:border-box}
html {scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:86px}
body {margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:16px;line-height:1.85;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
img,svg {max-width:100%} img {display:block} a {color:inherit;text-decoration:none} a:hover {color:var(--berry)} button,input {font:inherit} button {cursor:pointer} a,button,input {outline-offset:4px} :focus-visible {outline:3px solid #0F766E;outline-offset:4px} ::selection {background:#F1B8D2;color:#111827}
.container {max-width:var(--max);padding-inline:24px;margin-inline:auto} .sr-only {position:absolute!important;height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap} .skip-link{position:absolute;z-index:99;top:-90px;right:15px;background:var(--ink);color:white;padding:10px 15px}.skip-link:focus{top:8px;color:white}
.top-strip {background:#f2f2f0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.top-strip__inner{min-height:39px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px}.top-strip__links{display:flex;gap:20px}.top-strip a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.masthead{position:relative;padding-block:24px 14px;text-align:center;background:var(--paper)}.masthead__logo{width:min(380px,75vw);height:auto;margin-inline:auto}.masthead__tagline{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:.15px;color:#404952;margin:0 0 9px;font-weight:600}.masthead__issue{font-family:var(--font-en);direction:ltr;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:3.8px;color:var(--berry);font-weight:700}.masthead::after{content:"";display:block;height:2px;background:var(--berry);max-width:var(--max);margin:16px auto 0;opacity:.82}.head-mobile{display:none}
.primary-nav{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--paper);position:relative;z-index:30}.primary-nav__inner{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;min-height:57px}.nav-menu{display:flex;align-items:center;flex:1;gap:2px;white-space:nowrap;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none}.nav-menu::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.nav-menu a{font-size:13px;font-weight:700;padding:16px 10px 14px;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;transition:color .14s ease,border-color .14s ease}.nav-menu a:hover,.nav-menu a[aria-current="page"]{color:var(--berry);border-bottom-color:var(--berry)}.nav-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center}.icon-btn{width:39px;height:39px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:transparent;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:3px;color:var(--ink)}.icon-btn:hover{background:var(--blush);color:var(--berry)}.icon-btn svg{height:19px;width:19px}.mobile-menu-toggle{display:none}
.edition-line{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);padding:18px 0 8px;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:23px}.edition-line .edition-key{color:var(--berry);font-size:12px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.1px}.edition-line .edition-second{font-family:var(--font-en);letter-spacing:1.2px;direction:ltr}
.section-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin:0 0 21px;border-top:2px solid var(--ink);padding-top:13px}.section-heading h2,.section-heading h1{font:700 clamp(1.35rem,2.3vw,2rem)/1.6 var(--font-title);margin:0}.section-heading h2::before,.section-heading h1::before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:15px;height:15px;border-top:3px solid var(--berry);border-right:3px solid var(--berry);margin-left:11px;transform:translateY(0px)}.section-heading__more{color:var(--teal);font-size:13px;font-weight:800;white-space:nowrap}.section-heading__more:hover{color:var(--berry)} .kicker{display:inline-block;color:var(--berry);font-size:11px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.14px;margin-bottom:8px}.kicker a{color:inherit}.eyebrow{color:var(--berry);font-weight:800;letter-spacing:1.6px;font:700 10px/1.5 var(--font-en);direction:ltr}.date-meta{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap} .muted{color:var(--muted)} .overline{font-size:11px;color:var(--berry);font-weight:700}
img.news-img{background:#FCE7F0;object-fit:cover;width:100%;height:100%;aspect-ratio:16/10} .media{background:var(--ice);overflow:hidden;position:relative}.media::after{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;border:1px solid #0f766e12;pointer-events:none}.media--lead{aspect-ratio:16/10}.media--wide{aspect-ratio:16/8}.media--square{aspect-ratio:4/3}.media--tiny{aspect-ratio:1.3}.media img{height:100%;width:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .28s ease}.media a:hover img{transform:scale(1.025)}.image-credit{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7;margin-top:6px}.image-credit a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}
.cover-label{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;color:var(--berry);font-size:13px;font-weight:800;margin-bottom:15px}.cover-label:after{content:"";height:1px;flex:1;background:#ebc2d5}.cover-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.8fr) minmax(290px,.85fr);gap:32px;margin-bottom:55px}.cover-main .media{aspect-ratio:16/8.4}.cover-main h1{font:700 clamp(1.8rem,3.15vw,3rem)/1.58 var(--font-title);margin:13px 0 11px;letter-spacing:-.4px}.cover-main__categories{margin-top:13px}.cover-main p{font-size:15px;color:#3c4553;line-height:1.95;margin:0 0 10px}.cover-main__meta{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:15px;flex-wrap:wrap}.cover-aside{border-right:1px solid var(--rule);padding-right:27px;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.side-story{padding:17px 0 19px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);flex:1}.side-story:first-child{padding-top:0}.side-story:last-child{border-bottom:0}.side-story h3{font:700 clamp(1.04rem,1.35vw,1.28rem)/1.85 var(--font-title);margin:0 0 8px}.side-story p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.85;margin:0 0 9px;color:var(--muted)}
.section{margin:42px 0 66px}.digest{display:grid;grid-template-columns:225px 1fr;border-block:1px solid var(--rule);padding-block:20px;margin-bottom:52px;gap:30px}.digest__intro h2{font:700 1.95rem/1.6 var(--font-title);margin:0 0 9px}.digest__intro p{margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:13px}.digest__items{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0 30px}.digest-row{display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:baseline;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.digest-row:last-child,.digest-row:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:none}.digest-row time{font:700 11px/1.6 var(--font-en);direction:ltr;color:var(--teal);white-space:nowrap}.digest-row a{font-weight:700;font-size:13px;line-height:1.7}
.egypt-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.15fr) minmax(0,.85fr) minmax(190px,.57fr);gap:25px}.story-feature{min-width:0}.story-feature h3{font:700 clamp(1.3rem,2vw,1.75rem)/1.7 var(--font-title);margin:12px 0 9px}.story-feature p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.85;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.story-stack{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:19px}.stack-story{display:grid;grid-template-columns:100px minmax(0,1fr);gap:13px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding-bottom:17px}.stack-story:last-child{border-bottom:none;padding-bottom:0}.stack-story h3{font:700 14px/1.75 var(--font-title);margin:0}.stack-story .kicker{margin-bottom:3px}.egypt-side{border-right:1px solid var(--rule);padding-right:20px}.egypt-side h3{font:700 1.15rem/1.7 var(--font-title);margin:0 0 17px;color:var(--teal)}.egypt-side__item{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:0 0 15px;margin-bottom:14px}.egypt-side__item strong{display:block;font-size:11px;color:var(--berry)}.egypt-side__item a{font-weight:700;font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;display:block}
.horizontal-stories{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.2fr) repeat(2,minmax(0,.8fr));gap:26px}.horizontal-stories .story-feature h3{font-size:1.3rem}.mini-stack{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:13px}.mini-story{padding-bottom:14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.mini-story h3{font:700 15px/1.85 var(--font-title);margin:4px 0}.mini-story:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.lens{background:var(--blush);margin:70px 0;padding:44px 0 52px}.lens .section-heading{border-top-color:var(--berry)}.lens-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.45fr 1fr;gap:36px}.lens-lead{display:grid;grid-template-columns:46% 1fr;gap:20px;align-items:center}.lens-lead h3{font:700 clamp(1.4rem,2vw,2.15rem)/1.65 var(--font-title);margin:2px 0 14px}.lens-lead p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.9;margin:0}.lens-list{border-right:1px solid #deacc1;padding-right:24px}.lens-list__row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:67px 1fr;gap:12px;align-items:start;padding:9px 0 14px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfb9c9}.lens-list__row:last-child{border:0}.lens-number{font:700 29px/1.15 var(--font-en);color:#d5a1b6;direction:ltr}.lens-list h3{font:700 14px/1.65 var(--font-title);margin:3px 0}
.topic-band{background:var(--ink);color:white;padding:38px 42px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr 1fr;gap:35px;align-items:center}.topic-band h3{font:700 clamp(1.7rem,2.4vw,2.5rem)/1.6 var(--font-title);margin:7px 0}.topic-band p{font-size:14px;color:#d3d8e0;line-height:1.9}.topic-band a.button-link{display:inline-block;border:1px solid #95cec7;padding:7px 20px;color:#b9e7e0;font-size:12px;font-weight:800}.topic-band a.button-link:hover{color:white;background:#0F766E}.topic-band__links{display:grid;gap:14px}.topic-band__links a{padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #404954;font-size:14px;font-weight:700}.topic-band__links a:hover{color:#fbb1d1}
.economy-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr .95fr;gap:36px}.economy-highlight{background:var(--ice);padding:24px}.economy-highlight h3{font:700 1.5rem/1.7 var(--font-title);margin:13px 0}.economy-highlight p{font-size:13px;color:#2a4a49}.economy-list{columns:1}.economy-list .mini-story{padding:10px 0 18px}.numbers{padding:27px 0;margin:52px 0 72px;border-block:2px solid var(--ink)}.numbers h2{font:700 1.8rem/1.6 var(--font-title);margin:0 0 19px}.numbers-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:27px}.number-tile{border-left:1px solid var(--rule);padding-left:16px}.number-tile:last-child{border:none}.number-value{font:700 clamp(2.4rem,4vw,4rem)/1.1 var(--font-en);color:var(--berry);direction:ltr;text-align:right;display:block;letter-spacing:-2px}.number-label{font-size:13px;font-weight:800;margin-top:8px}.number-tile small{display:block;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7;margin-top:8px}
.triple-categories{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:28px}.compact-section .section-heading{margin-bottom:16px}.compact-section__lead .media{aspect-ratio:16/8}.compact-section__lead h3{font:700 1.13rem/1.75 var(--font-title);margin:11px 0}.compact-section__item{font:700 13px/1.75 var(--font-title);border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding:13px 0}
.picture-story{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.26fr 1fr;gap:35px;align-items:center}.picture-story .media{aspect-ratio:16/9}.picture-story h3{font:700 clamp(1.7rem,2.6vw,2.45rem)/1.65 var(--font-title);margin:12px 0}.picture-story p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}
.site-footer{margin-top:80px;background:#111827;color:#dce1e8;padding:54px 0 26px}.footer-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr 1fr;gap:55px}.footer-logo{width:270px}.footer-brand p{font-size:13px;line-height:2;color:#c1cbd5}.footer-links h3{font:700 15px/1.6 var(--font-title);margin:0 0 16px;color:#fff}.footer-links a{display:block;font-size:13px;color:#c1cbd5;line-height:2.5}.footer-links a:hover{color:#f3aecb}.footer-bottom{border-top:1px solid #343c4a;margin-top:36px;padding-top:17px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;font-size:11px;color:#c1cbd5}
/* Interior pages */
.breadcrumbs{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:9px;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;margin:27px 0 20px}.breadcrumbs a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.breadcrumbs>span+span::before{content:' / ';margin-inline:4px;color:#a0a5af}.page-intro{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:11px 0 27px;margin-bottom:29px}.page-intro h1{font:700 clamp(2rem,4vw,3.3rem)/1.55 var(--font-title);margin:0}.page-intro p{max-width:740px;margin:10px 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}.archive-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 34px}.archive-story{display:grid;grid-template-columns:178px 1fr;gap:17px;padding:20px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.archive-story .media{aspect-ratio:4/3}.archive-story h2{font:700 clamp(1rem,1.35vw,1.25rem)/1.75 var(--font-title);margin:0 0 6px}.archive-story p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.85;margin:0 0 7px}.pagination{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:10px;margin:30px 0 50px}.pagination a,.pagination span{border:1px solid var(--rule);padding:7px 16px;font-size:12px}.pagination [aria-current=page]{background:var(--berry);color:white;border-color:var(--berry)}
.article-header{max-width:960px;margin:0 auto 27px}.article-header .kicker{font-size:13px}.article-header h1{font:700 clamp(2rem,4vw,3.5rem)/1.63 var(--font-title);letter-spacing:-.55px;margin:13px 0 16px}.article-standfirst{font-size:clamp(1rem,1.6vw,1.2rem);line-height:2;color:#3e4652;margin:0 0 19px;max-width:900px}.byline-row{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;border-block:1px solid var(--rule);padding:12px 0;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);flex-wrap:wrap}.byline-row b{color:var(--ink)}.article-hero{margin:24px auto 30px;max-width:1100px}.article-hero .media{aspect-ratio:16/8.6}.article-hero figcaption{margin-top:9px;color:var(--muted);font-size:11px;line-height:1.7}.article-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,710px) minmax(230px,290px);gap:62px;justify-content:center}.article-body{font-size:18px;line-height:2.14;min-width:0}.article-body p{margin:0 0 24px}.article-body h2{font:700 1.5rem/1.7 var(--font-title);margin:35px 0 13px}.article-body a:not(.share-link){color:var(--teal);text-decoration:underline}.article-sidebar{border-right:1px solid var(--rule);padding-right:23px;align-self:start}.article-sidebar h2{font:700 1.14rem/1.6 var(--font-title);margin:0 0 18px}.related-side{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:0 0 16px;margin-bottom:15px;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.8}.article-trust{background:var(--ice);padding:18px 23px;margin:27px 0;font-size:13px;line-height:2;border-right:3px solid var(--teal)}.article-trust strong{display:block;color:var(--teal);margin-bottom:4px}.source-box{border-top:2px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:18px 0 23px;margin:32px 0}.source-box h2{font:700 1.3rem/1.7 var(--font-title);margin:0 0 12px}.source-box ul{margin:0;padding-right:20px}.source-box li{font-size:13px;margin-bottom:8px;line-height:1.75}.source-box a{word-break:break-word}.article-tools{display:flex;gap:9px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:30px 0 20px}.action-button{border:1px solid #bbc3ca;background:white;padding:7px 14px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;border-radius:2px}.action-button:hover{background:var(--ice);color:var(--teal)}.action-button[data-done=true]{background:var(--ice);border-color:var(--teal)}.article-further{margin-top:55px}.article-further__list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:23px}.article-further h3{font:700 16px/1.75 var(--font-title);margin:9px 0}.article-further .media{aspect-ratio:16/9}
.prose-page{max-width:820px;min-height:320px;margin:0 auto 70px;font-size:17px;line-height:2.08}.prose-page h2{font:700 1.45rem/1.6 var(--font-title);margin:30px 0 7px}.prose-page p{margin:0 0 16px}.prose-page ul{padding-right:25px}.prose-page li{margin-bottom:7px}.policy-note{padding:17px 19px;border-right:3px solid var(--teal);background:var(--ice);margin:22px 0;font-size:14px}.topic-article-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:25px}.topic-article-grid .media{aspect-ratio:16/9}.topic-article-grid h2{font:700 16px/1.8 var(--font-title);margin:12px 0}.topics-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px}.topic-card{padding:26px;border:1px solid var(--rule);background:white}.topic-card h2{font:700 1.55rem/1.6 var(--font-title);margin:0 0 8px}.topic-card p{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px}.topic-card a{font-size:12px;color:var(--teal);font-weight:700}
.search-box{max-width:900px;display:flex;gap:10px;margin:20px 0 28px}.search-box input{min-width:0;flex:1;border:1px solid #aeb6bd;background:white;color:var(--ink);padding:12px 17px;border-radius:3px}.search-box button{background:var(--teal);color:white;border:0;padding:10px 21px;font-weight:700;border-radius:3px}.search-box button:hover{background:var(--teal-dark)}.search-state{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:25px}.search-results{max-width:950px}.search-result{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:16px 0}.search-result h2{font:700 1.35rem/1.7 var(--font-title);margin:0}.search-result p{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin:5px 0}.status-toast{position:fixed;bottom:26px;left:26px;background:var(--ink);color:white;padding:9px 15px;border-radius:2px;font-size:13px;z-index:99;display:none}.status-toast.show{display:block}.back-top{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:20px;background:var(--teal);color:white;border:0;padding:9px 12px;z-index:14;display:none;font-size:12px}.back-top.visible{display:block}.endnote{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:12px}
@media (max-width:1130px){.container{padding-inline:20px}.nav-menu a{padding-inline:8px;font-size:12px}.cover-grid{grid-template-columns:1.4fr .9fr;gap:23px}.cover-aside{padding-right:19px}.egypt-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.egypt-side{grid-column:1/-1;display:flex;gap:20px;border-right:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-top:15px}.egypt-side h3{min-width:120px}.egypt-side__item{flex:1}.article-grid{gap:35px}}
@media (max-width:850px){.top-strip{display:none}.masthead{padding:16px 0 7px}.masthead__logo{width:min(300px,65vw)}.masthead__tagline{font-size:12px}.masthead__issue{font-size:8px}.masthead::after{margin-top:9px}.primary-nav__inner{min-height:53px}.mobile-menu-toggle{display:inline-flex}.nav-menu{display:none;position:absolute;top:53px;right:0;left:0;background:var(--paper);box-shadow:0 12px 22px #0000001a;max-height:70vh;overflow-y:auto;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;padding:13px 23px;z-index:99}.nav-menu.open{display:flex}.nav-menu a{font-size:15px;padding:8px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.nav-actions{margin-inline-start:auto}.cover-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}.cover-aside{border-right:0;padding-right:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:19px;border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}.side-story{padding-top:14px!important;border-bottom:0}.digest{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px}.digest__intro{display:flex;gap:19px;align-items:center}.digest__intro h2{font-size:1.6rem}.digest__intro p{max-width:350px}.egypt-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.horizontal-stories{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.horizontal-stories>.story-feature{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:45% 1fr;gap:20px;align-items:center}.lens-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.lens-lead{grid-template-columns:42% 1fr}.lens-list{border:0;padding:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px}.lens-list__row{display:block}.topic-band{grid-template-columns:1fr}.article-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;max-width:720px}.article-sidebar{border-right:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding:18px 0 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:0 20px}.article-sidebar h2{grid-column:1/-1}.footer-grid{gap:20px}.archive-story{grid-template-columns:125px 1fr}}